However, in the half-century since the structure of DNA was first elaborated, scientists have learned that RNA does much more than simply play a role in protein synthesis. For example, many types ...

This portion of mRNA is located between the first nucleotide that is transcribed and the start codon (AUG) of the coding region, and it does not affect the sequence of amino acids in a protein ...

The sequence of amino acids in the chain determines how the chain will fold up to make the protein, so different proteins have different three-dimensional shapes. The three-dimensional shape of a ...

Fungal tRNA Splicing as a Paradigm of RNA Repair – Intron-containing tRNAs are widespread in eukarya; the intron is usually located in the anticodon loop of the pre-tRNA and must be removed precisely ...

which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids during protein synthesis. This discovery led to the concept of the ribosome as a ribozyme, an RNA molecule with enzymatic properties.

This process of protein synthesis occurs in two stages - transcription and translation. When a gene is to be expressed, the base sequence of DNA is copied or transcribed into mRNA (messenger RNA).