Edward Heawood, Watermarks, mainly of the 17th and 18th centuries (Hilversum, 1950) These printed catalogues have now been supplemented with online resources. The WWW Watermark Archive Initiative was set up to arrive at standards for internet-based watermark resources, in line with the IPH Standard.

Most of the watermarks are from the German speaking countries and they cover the period from the 15th to the 19th century. Pictures were made of all the watermarks showing a ruler in millimeters and all the sheets were measured for the description. The stocknumber in the descrip-tion corresponds to the pictures on the DVD that is included. Enjoy!

Amsterdam was the home base of the 'Maid of Dort' watermark throughout the 18th century. Given Whistler’s predilection for ‘old Dutch’ papers, it is unsurprising that more examples of it are found in the National Gallery of Australia's Whister print collection than any other watermark.

Online Watermark Databases/Catalogues. Bernstein - The Memory of Paper(a portal to 42 watermark databases with more than 254,000 watermarks) Biteca - Bibliografia de textos catalans antics (filigranes) Briquet Online - Repertory Les Filigranes of Charles-Moïse Briquet; CCF - Corpus Chartarum Fabriano (requires free registration)

Sheet nr. 88 with the watermark of J. Honig & Zoonen is exactly the same paper as used for the Declaration of Independence in the two co-

Watermarks are designs embedded in paper. Used at least since the medieval period, they are created during the papermaking process by forming wires into a unique decorative pattern in the sieve-like mold that holds the pulp from which paper is made.

2013年4月30日 · To prevent thinner papers from cockling when dampened by the application of watercolors, artists typically stretched them taut. Initially, they pasted or pinned the edges of a dampened sheet to an ordinary drawing board; later (beginning in the nineteenth century), they clamped it to a commercially manufactured stretching board.

Neapolitan School, 18th Century Erminia writing Tancred's name on a tree, with animals and shepherds in the background with inscriptions 'de Luca Feb:° 1793-5' and 'N° 43' black chalk, brush and grey wash fragmentary watermark fleur-de-lys 194 x 264 mm.; and five drawings by or attributed to Piattoli, Polidoro, Gandolfi

88 Italian School, early 18th Century A Landscape with a Coppice; A Fountain in a Square; A River Landscape; A Bridge over a River; and Isola Tiberina, Rome

It was already known in the 18th century that watermarks, inserted in paper, can be a useful tool to identify the place and year in which the paper was produced. In 1804 G. Fischer published the list of watermarks, Beschreibung einiger typographischen Seltenheiten, 6.Lief., in which he stated that the oldest watermark was on paper produced in ...