2015年3月20日 · Using multiple phylogenetic methods at a variety of sampling depths we have constructed a well-supported phylogenetic tree of Echinodermata, including support for the sister groups of Asterozoa (sea stars and brittle stars) and Echinozoa (sea urchins and sea cucumbers).

Summary phylogenetic hypothesis of the Echinodermata, based on David and Mooi (1997), Littlewood et al. (1997), and Sumrall and Sprinkle (1997). Note that the phylogenetic position of most fossil echinoderms is still uncertain, and a number of additional extinct taxa will be added to this tree in the future.

The Echinoderm Tree of Life Project (EchinoToL) was completed in 2015. This collaborative research project resolved the phylogenetic placement of echinoderms within the tree of life and clarified important relationships among major echinoderm lineages using data from genetic sequencing and anatomy.

2012年4月27日 · Members of the Asteroidea (phylum Echinodermata), popularly known as starfish or sea stars, are ecologically important and diverse members of marine ecosystems in all of the world's oceans. We present a comprehensive overview of diversity and phylogeny as they have figured into the evolution of the Asteroidea from Paleozoic to the living fauna.

2017年6月1日 · This is the first broad-scale molecular phylogenetic analysis of Holothuroidea allowing for a reassessment of the relationships of these highly derived echinoderms. The approximately 4.3 kb of sequence data obtained from mitochondrial (COI, 16S, 12S) and nuclear (H3, 18S, 28S) sources, was analyzed under a variety of methods which consistently ...

Echinoderms (Echinodermata) are morphologically diverse and ecologically important groups of marine invertebrate, many of which are key components of local benthic ecosystem. However, due to...

2017年2月22日 · The Crinoidea (Echinodermata) is one of the five major clades of living echinoderms and has a rich fossil record spanning nearly a half billion years. Using principles of phylogenetic taxonomy and recent phylogenetic analyses, we provide the first phylogeny-based definition for the Clade Crinoidea and its constituent subclades.

A phylogenetic tree showing various Cambrian echinoderms, including the early bilateral representative Courtessolea and the most primitive pentaradial form Helicocystis (Figure taken from Smith and Zamora ©)

2015年3月20日 · Using multiple phylogenetic methods at a variety of sampling depths, this work has constructed a well-supported phylogenetic tree of Echinodermata, including support for the sister groups of Asterozoa and Echinozoa, and will help inform developmental and evolutionary studies specifically in echinoderms and deuterostomes in general.

Echinoderms are deuterostome invertebrate animals, phylogenetically most closely related to hemichordates and to chordates. They are exclusively marine-living, with a wide range of habitats from the deep sea to the intertidal region.