In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is surrounded by the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. The cytosol is thus a …

2020年8月1日 · Here, we review current knowledge on mRNA and protein targeting to mitochondria, as well as recent advances in our understanding of the cellular programs that respond to accumulation of mitochondrial precursor proteins in the cytosol, thus linking defects in targeting-capacity to signaling.

2023年6月7日 · We identify a highly controlled cytosolic surveillance mechanism that integrates independent mitochondrial stress signals to initiate the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR),...

2020年5月11日 · Here, we review current knowledge on mRNA and protein targeting to mitochondria, as well as recent advances in our understanding of the cellular programs that respond to accumulation of mitochondrial precursor proteins in the cytosol, thus linking defects in targeting-capacity to signaling.

2023年11月18日 · We describe a simple approach for directly inferring redox cofactor concentrations and ratios in mitochondria and cytosol based on whole-cell measurements:

We examine how improved methods to study mitochondrial metabolism, define organelle metabolite composition, and visualize cellular gradients allow for a more comprehensive understanding of how transporters facilitate compartmentalized metabolism.

About 99% of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome and synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes. Mechanisms that target and integrate the proteins into mitochondria may be the most intricate in eukaryotic cells.

2020年5月26日 · In this review, we discuss our current understanding about the signals on mitochondrial proteins, as well as in the mRNAs encoding them, which with the help of cytosolic chaperones and membrane receptors support protein targeting to the organelle in order to avoid improper localization.

We highlight genetic and pharmacological approaches to induce and inhibit mtDNA release from mitochondria. We also describe immunofluorescence microscopy and cellular fractionation assays to visualize morphological changes in mtDNA and quantify mtDNA accumulation in the cytosol.

H 2 S is produced in the microbiome by sulfur-reducing bacteria and by mammalian cells through cystathionine β synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ lyase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST). 150 H 2 S-producing enzymes are localized to the cytosol and mitochondria, depending on the tissue type. 124