IN a letter to NATURE of November 25 last Dr. Norman Campbell discusses the problem of the possible consistency of the assumptions about the motion and arrangement of electrons in the atom ...

Everyone at that time imagined the atom as a "plum pudding ... number in their outer shells are less stable than those with "full" outer shells. Elements that have the same number of electrons ...

The valency of an element is linked to how many electrons an atom must gain or lose to achieve the same electronic structure as a noble gas i.e., have a full outer shell. For example an element in ...

Gurmeet Kaur is an Education Industry Professional with 8 years of experience in teaching and creating digital content. She is a Science graduate and has a PG diploma in Computer Applications.

But James Watson and Francis Crick's claim was a valid one, for they had in fact discovered the structure of DNA, the chemical that encodes instructions for building and replicating almost all ...

Listen to the full series on BBC Sounds. Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden tested the plum pudding model. They aimed beams of positively-charged particles at very thin gold foil. These particles ...

Figure 4: Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) as a probe of local electronic structure and composition ... defects and impurities with single-atom resolution. The ability to record ...

Glucose is made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. The structure of wood is made of many cellulose molecules stacked together. Plastic and wood can have similar densities because they are made ...