At the preferred starting point, about 3 cm above the esophagogastric junction, the esophageal wall is usually normal. As a rule, I do not open the entire longitudinal layer first and then the ...

AGA recommends reserving ESD primarily for lesions suspected of harboring cancers invading more deeply into the wall of the ...

In summary, heat transfer to the esophagus is likely dependent on variables including catheter tissue contact pressure, catheter orientation, atrial wall thickness, thickness of intervening ...

maintaining a relatively stable tubular shape and preventing the optical probe from touching the esophageal walls. However, even if the probe comes in contact with the wall, the overlap of the ...