Grochow is among a growing chorus of researchers who point out that when it comes to finding connections in big data, graph theory has its limits. A graph represents every relationship as a dyad, or ...

The problem is so confusing that even its proposed solution, the Inter-universal Teichmüller Theory (IUT), has been difficult for experts to understand. Recently, an expert published his understanding ...

Complex systems can interact with a complex environment in such a way that they have a higher probability of survival. We see that simple organisms in nature often have a strategy of massive ...

Graph theory isn’t enough.. The mathematical language for talking about connections, which usually depends on networks—vertices (dots) and edges (lines connecting them)—has been an ...

Dynamical theory of complex systems with two-way micro–macro causation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 2024; 121 (50) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2408676121 Cite This Page : ...

Quantum theory needs complex numbers Date: December 15, 2021 Source: ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences Summary: An international team of researchers shows through a concrete theoretical ...