SCIENCE is steadily becoming severely specialised. The proportion of amateurs (in the restricted sense of the word) among original workers of all ranks decreases slowly but surely. The average ...

The nucleus is very small compared to the atom as a whole: as electrons are even smaller, most of an atom is empty space the diameter of a nucleus can be 100,000 times less than the diameter of an ...

When two hydrogen atoms get close enough, the electron from each atom feels an attraction from the proton in the other atom's nucleus. This attraction pulls the atoms together. The electrons end up ...

The attraction by the chlorine atoms is stronger than the attraction by the calcium atom. Two electrons are transferred from the calcium atom, one to each chlorine atom. Calcium becomes a +2 ion and ...

Everyone at that time imagined the atom as a "plum pudding." That is, it was roughly the same consistency throughout, with negatively-charged electrons scattered about in it like raisins in a pudding.

Studying the structure of the atom on smaller scales and being able to produce particles with higher masses is what drove the development of accelerators with ever-higher energies. In a ...

University of Queensland researchers have made a breakthrough in muonic atom research, clearing the way for new nuclear physics experiments.A team at ...