In 19th-century Britain and North America, women were regarded as the ‘weaker sex’. Their ability to bear children gave rise to a feminine ideal based on marriage and motherhood, while their ...

The first half of the 19th century was a time of great change. Industrialization brought new opportunities for employment, changing ideas of work, and economic cycles of boom and bust. During this ...

Polish women only began to write cookery books and guides in the 19th century, whereas previously, they had been only readers. These also served as a vehicle for their own views – sometimes ...

Kelly Marshall Most 19th-century schoolmistresses are long forgotten ... a University of Delaware art historian. At a time when women had almost no control over legal documents and played a ...

The conditions of camp life—most soldiers slept fully clothed, rarely bathed, and relieved themselves in the woods ... for a lifetime, women who dressed as men in 19th century America clearly ...