Eagle-eyed geologist Mark Tingay recently noticed the emergence of a ‘ghost island’ in November of 2024, caused by a submarine mud volcano called Kumani Bank. Satellites show that the island formed 15 ...
Mud volcanoes often exhibit calderas, which are large circular depressions at their summit. Detailed mapping around the Caspian Sea suggests that caldera-forming mud volcanoes are dynamically ...
In the heart of the Caspian Sea, off the coast of Azerbaijan, a mud volcano briefly birthed a mysterious island, only for the sea to reclaim it, leaving scientists captivated.