factoring in photon energy dependence. A fluence-dependent effect on the alignment parameter was observed, indicating that lower fluences reduced and delayed ionization dynamics, leading to ...

A Code of Practice for radiotherapy dosimetry entitled The Use of Plane-Parallel Ionization Chambers in High-Energy Electron and Photon Beams (TRS-381) was published in 1997 to update TRS-277 and ...

Here, it can be ionized by low-energy electrons ... Dinger's team studied the "electron-impact ionization cross-section" of N₂O, which measures the probability of N₂O ionization by an electron ...

Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) are decades-old field-deployable chemical ionization ... excess energy of the proton ...

It describes options and how to calibrate plane parallel ionization chambers, against air kerma or absorbed dose to water standards at cobalt-60 gamma ray energies. The use of these chambers to ...

Physicists at the University of Ottawa add an orbital spin to their laser beams to control the movement of electrons in their ...