Once the needle tip is close to the parietal pleura, remove the stylet and connect a 10-ml syringe to the distal part of the needle. Continue introducing the needle while gently aspirating.

A fresh sample of urine is required for a CSU and this must be obtained from the sampling port on the catheter bag or in the case of a catheter valve, directly from the valve. The sampling ports are ...

The epidural catheter has markings starting 5 cm from the tip and continuing at 1-cm intervals, as well as special markings that denote 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm from the tip.

Visualization (by ultrasound or fluoroscopy) can facilitate CVC insertion and positioning of the tip. [ 15 , 18 30 ] In our experience, visualized insertion is time consuming and often unnecessary.

The syringe was fixed to this balloon at a right angle. This design ensured that while the catheter was being threaded through the blood vessels, the tip of the syringe would remain inside the ...