J’écoute de la musique en faisant mes devoirs. – I listen to music while doing my homework. Il s’est cassé la jambe en jouant au rugby. – He broke his leg by/while playing rugby.

The abstract is usually in the past tense due to it showing what has already been studied. Example: “This study was conducted at the Iyarina Field School, and within the indigenous Waorani community ...

The present participle is a word formed from a verb. The English translation of the present participle ends in -ing. It can be used as a verb or as an adjective.