Basic Cryptography Background Cryptography is the process of converting ordinary information (i.e., plaintext) into a scrambled unintelligible mess (i.e., ciphertext). This conversion process is ...

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With the development of smart grid and the diversification of their applications, privacy-preserving multi-dimensional data aggregation has been widely studied because it can analyze users’ ...

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Metal clusters are highly dynamic under catalytic conditions, which presents a challenge when it comes to recognizing active species. Now, the identification and categorization of metastable ...