New research is reshaping how scientists understand the earliest days of Earth’s formation—suggesting that the deep interior ...

The Earth has a layered structure, including the core ... These are its main layers, starting with the outermost: crust - relatively thin and rocky mantle - has the properties of a solid, but ...

so scientists rely on seismic waves to understand and model its structure. Seismic waves are shock waves that propagate through Earth's layers after an earthquake or explosive event, traveling at ...

The study of seismic waves provides evidence for the internal structure of the Earth ... detected on the opposite side of the Earth. Refractions between layers cause two shadow zones, where ...