In short, when externalities are negative, private costs are lower than social costs. There are also positive externalities, and here the issue is the difference between private and social gains. For ...

In short, when externalities are negative, private costs are lower than social costs. There are also positive externalities, and here the issue is the difference between private and social gains. For ...

How are humans contributing to negative selection? It's a part of evolution that can also drive some species to extinction; models of negative selection help us understand biodiversity.