At the ecosystem level, the total growth of all plant species is termed primary production, and — as we'll see in this article — communities composed of different numbers and combinations of ...

Urbanization is reshaping soil microbial communities worldwide, driving an unexpected homogenization of bacterial populations ...

Forests affect their environment in multiple ways, but their functions also depend on the changes in climate and environment. We study the processes and responses of boreal forest ecosystems on ...

All organisms in an ecosystem depend on each other ... Pyramids of number and biomass Pyramids of numbers and biomass are different ways of showing the amount of organisms at each stage in ...

Non-native plants are those not originating in this country, but also those not native to a specific ecosystem.

This includes all of the connections between producers and consumers in an ecosystem. The food web shows how interconnected all of the different organisms are.

or they need to adapt their model to accommodate the different environmental conditions. Because ecosystems are large and complex, constructing an ecosystem map runs the risk of becoming a tedious ...