The efficacy of vaccines depends on the presence of an adjuvant in conjunction with the antigen. Of these adjuvants, the ones that contain aluminium, which were first discovered empirically in ...

Tapioca never caught on as an adjuvant. But in 1932, a few years after Dr. Ramon’s studies were published, the United States began including aluminum salts in diphtheria immunizations ...

Since 1934, aluminum hydroxide has been used as an adjuvant to boost the immune response from vaccines. Currently, it is the only adjuvant approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in human ...