Single-Pinion EPS Single-pinion EPS has the motor force applied directly to the pinion gear on steering rack. It should give better feel than column type, but it has one serious disadvantage: since ...

I n 1983, Toyota launched a pair of affordable coupes in Japan. Their official names were Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno. They were basically the same car except some cosmetic differences – the ...

Mitsubishi Galant VR-4J apanese cars of the late 1980s and 1990s were renowned for high technology. The most notable of them was Mitsubishi Galant VR-4. Introduced in 1987, this car packed the most ...

At this moment, Opel Vectra is the top seller of its class in Europe, just like its predecessor back in several years ago. I always don't understand how it can has such achievement. In terms of ...

Ferrari F1 Automated manual, as indicted by its name, is a manual transmission added with automatic function. It is not to be confused with something like Porsche Tiptronic, which is automatic ...

60° V6 is smoother to the extent that, with adequate engine mounts, it could be made nearly as smooth as inline-6 engines without the need of balancer shaft. It is also narrower, thus easier to be ...

Sequential Twin-turbo To reduce turbo lag, some manufacturers opt for sequential twin-turbo. At low engine speed, all the limited amount of exhaust gas is directed to drive one of the turbos, leaving ...

T he final Skylinde GT-R was introduced in 1999 accompanied with the new Skyline R34. Having listened to criticisms from fans, Nissan made this car compact again. Length and wheelbase were shortened ...

B entley Arnage was born as a derivative of Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph. While the RR used BMW’s normally aspirated V12, the Bentley twin-turbocharged the BMW 4.4-litre V8 to 350 horsepower. However, ...

Tuned intake manifold First introduced by Mercedes 300SL in 1954, tuned intake manifold is not exactly a new technology. It is discussed here just because its principle is useful to our further study ...

Combining cam-changing VVT and cam-phasing VVT may satisfy the requirement of both top-end power and flexibility throughout the whole rev range, though it is inevitably more complex. At the time of ...

Volkswagen VR and W-engines Born in 1991, Volkswagen's narrow-angle VR-engines are probably the most special engines in production (save Wankel engines, of course). Its concept was inspired by Lancia, ...