The X and Y chromosomes, commonly referred to as the sex chromosomes, are one such pair. They determine the biological sex, reproductive organs, and sexual characteristics that develop in a person.

How are these unique sex chromosomes formed? "The sex of a somatic cell as highly differentiated as a neurone may be detected with no more elaborate equipment than a compound microscope following ...

With a few exceptions, eukaryotic chromosomes have a single centromere that ensures their accurate segregation during mitosis. Chromosomes that lack centromeres segregate randomly during mitosis ...