This image shows how informational complexity increases from genome to transcriptome to proteome. The estimated number of entities of each type of molecule in a typical cell is indicated in ...

If biological substrates are so far the only grounds for thinking, feeling minds we’ve discovered, it’s reasonable to think ...

Yet, this is the goal of biology at the molecular level — to understand the collaborative functioning of the elements as being part of a system that forms a cell, a tissue, even an organism.

Biology is the study of living organisms and encompasses a number of different disciplines, from biochemistry to microbiology to ecology. Often biologists study life at many different levels (think ...