because smaller proteins pass through the gel more quickly, they are separated by size. 2 A protein ladder containing a range of known molecular weights is included in one well to determine the size ...

Finally, after the DNA, RNA, or protein molecules have been separated using gel electrophoresis, bands representing molecules of different sizes can be detected.

A ladder of bands of continually decreasing ... One important requirement for gel shift assays is that the gel-running conditions not disrupt protein-DNA interactions. These are called ...