failure to improve after conservative therapy- Automated percutaneous discectomy Same as above Central or lateral recess stenosis, synovial joint cysts, sequestered or free fragments, narrow base ...

Objective To assess the costs and cost-effectiveness of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) compared with open microdiscectomy among patients with sciatica. Methods This economic ...

Complications. The complication rate associated with automated percutaneous discectomy (APD) ranges from 0.1% to 1% and includes discitis, psoas hematoma, and cauda equina syndrome. The 2 cases of ...