The cytokines considered most relevant to the pathogenesis of HF are tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF) and interleukin(IL)-6, and they have been the most extensively studied in this disorder.

Dr. Ma adds, "Our results show that BB1 prevented the TNF-α increase in intestinal tight junction permeability via a toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 signal transduction pathway inhibition of NF-kB p50 ...