On March 3, 1925, the Governor General of Indochina issued a statement confirming that Hoang Sa and Truong Sa belong to Vietnam. Thus, even in the French-ruled period, Vietnam’s sovereignty over the ...

Leopold Senghor talking in August 1946. SOLDIER'S POINT OF VIEW "I got into the French army during the colonial period...and first I was a private, then I became a sergeant in the army after four ...

In the 1850s, persecution of French missionaries gave France an excuse to expand their colonial empire into Vietnam. In 1859, French troops destroyed the citadel at Gia Dinh. Skirmishes continued ...