At the preferred starting point, about 3 cm above the esophagogastric junction, the esophageal wall is usually normal. As a rule, I do not open the entire longitudinal layer first and then the ...

maintaining a relatively stable tubular shape and preventing the optical probe from touching the esophageal walls. However, even if the probe comes in contact with the wall, the overlap of the ...

In summary, heat transfer to the esophagus is likely dependent on variables including catheter tissue contact pressure, catheter orientation, atrial wall thickness, thickness of intervening ...