Weinzierl, Matthew C., Kylie Lucas, and Mehak Sarang. "SpaceX, Economies of Scale, and a Revolution in Space Access." Harvard Business School Case 720-027, April 2020. (Revised October 2021.) ...

Marginal cost typically follows a U-shaped curve, initially decreasing due to economies of scale but eventually rising as production facilities reach capacity and face diminishing returns.

The overall cost declines in solar PV have been determined by economies of scale and public policies. This is the main conclusion of a study, published by researchers at the U.S. Massachusetts ...