which can be located 10 to 50 kilobases either upstream or downstream of a composite core promoter containing a TATA box (TATA), initiator sequences (INRs), and downstream promoter elements (DPEs).

Calhoun et al. attached the Scr and ftz promoter regions to CAT and LacZ reporter genes; they then showed that the core promoter elements were not important for regulating enhancer specificity.