composition, and solidity within the layer. It also plays a crucial role in mantle convection and the thermal evolution of ...

A recent study challenges previous geological assumptions, revealing that Earth's initial protocrust closely resembled the ...

However, this hypothesis of a differing early crust composition has been called into question before ... It means continental ...

Over 4.6 billion years ago, Earth took shape from a spinning cloud of dust and gas surrounding the young sun. Tiny particles ...

Get Instant Summarized Text (Gist) Earth's first crust, formed around 4.5 billion years ago, likely had chemical features similar to today's continental crust, suggesting that the distinctive ...

Recent discoveries offer deeper insight into the movement of tectonic plates. New research has found that variations in rock ...

Researchers have made a new discovery that changes our understanding of Earth’s early geological history, challenging beliefs about how our continents formed and when plate tectonics began.

For instance, the hydrogen in these enstatite chondrite meteorites match the composition of Earth’s mantle, but it doesn’t explain hydrogen and nitrogen content in Earth’s oceans well.

Whether convection in the Earth's mantle extends through its entire ... The global average composition must change with depth in order to fit seismic data (L. Cobden, Imperial College London ...

Seven decades on, scientists like us are only just beginning to piece together how this space debris might be damaging the ozone layer ... play an important role in Earth’s climate, either ...