This attraction pulls the atoms together. The electrons end up being shared by the atoms in a region around the nucleus of both atoms. Hydrogen atoms are close together. The electron from each atom ...

The attraction by the chlorine atoms is stronger than the attraction by the calcium atom. Two electrons are transferred from the calcium atom, one to each chlorine atom. Calcium becomes a +2 ion and ...

Small molecules - AQA A covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons. Covalent bonding forms molecules. Substances with small molecules have low melting and boiling points, and do not conduct ...

In an oxygen (O2) molecule, both atoms have the same electronegativity. The electrons in the covalent bond are shared equally between the two oxygen atoms. The chlorine atom has a higher ...

A model showing how metallic bonds are formed - the first diagram shows the outer electrons in their atoms, and the second diagram shows that the electrons have become delocalised ...

However, oxides with transition metals that straddle the subtle boundary between covalent, ionic and metallic bonding show copious ... by how quantum clouds of electrons, the orbitals, move ...

Ken Wade recalls his own undistinguished part in the space race, and notes how carboranes revitalized boron hydride chemistry and modified our ideas of chemical bonding. In the 1950s, during the ...

On the other hand, the outer electrons, or valence electrons, define most of the material's properties, especially during bonding with other atoms. Understanding a material's properties requires ...

An international team of researchers at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) has developed a new method for analyzing actinides. The method provides unique insights into the electronic ...

The arrangement of these many electrons is much more affected by quantum ... of actinide atoms' electronic structure and bonding properties. The signal reliably reveals the number of 5f electrons ...

By analyzing the energy loss near-edge structure (ELNES) and the extended energy loss fine structure (EXELFS), details about the oxidation state, coordination, and local bonding can be obtained. The ...