6 The authors, who have published quite a few papers in favor of preoperative biliary drainage, found that patients do not benefit from undergoing this procedure. They conclude that this treatment ...

morbidity associated with the procedure, or mortality. Adequate biliary drainage should remain the principal aim of cholangiography. In the absence of clear evidence of systemic sepsis ...

Eight patients underwent the biliary access procedure and had clearance of stones and strictures after one to 10 interventional sessions. There was no major morbidity associated with treatment.