SCIENCE is steadily becoming severely specialised. The proportion of amateurs (in the restricted sense of the word) among original workers of all ranks decreases slowly but surely. The average ...

The nucleus is very small compared to the atom as a whole: as electrons are even smaller, most of an atom is empty space the diameter of a nucleus can be 100,000 times less than the diameter of an ...

When two hydrogen atoms get close enough, the electron from each atom feels an attraction from the proton in the other atom's nucleus. This attraction pulls the atoms together. The electrons end up ...

The attraction by the chlorine atoms is stronger than the attraction by the calcium atom. Two electrons are transferred from the calcium atom, one to each chlorine atom. Calcium becomes a +2 ion and ...

Imagine building a Lego tower with perfectly aligned blocks. Each block represents an atom in a tiny crystal, known as a ...

They have demonstrated that nuclear polarisation does not impede the study of muonic atoms. It clears a major obstacle that ...

Physicists at the University of Ottawa add an orbital spin to their laser beams to control the movement of electrons in their ...

University of Queensland researchers have made a breakthrough in muonic atom research, clearing the way for new nuclear ...

Researchers have developed innovative methods to control the ionization of atoms and molecules using specially structured light beams, challenging traditional limits. This breakthrough could lead to ...

Studying the structure of the atom on smaller scales and being able to produce particles with higher masses is what drove the development of accelerators with ever-higher energies. In a ...