Electrons are best known ... connected to four finger-shaped aluminium electrodes through tiny junctions (Fig. 1a). Each junction contains a thin insulating oxide layer that acts as a tunnel ...

In this case, aluminum oxide is separated into aluminum and oxygen (Fig. 2). Aluminum (Al) is produced at the negative electrode, called the cathode, according to the following reduction reaction ...

positively charged aluminium ions gain electrons from the cathode, and form molten aluminium oxide ions lose electrons at the anode, and form oxygen molecules The oxygen reacts with the carbon in ...

All aluminum is coated with a surface oxide, and until now we did not know ... This phenomenon refers to the synchronized ...