In 19th-century Britain and North America, women were regarded as the ‘weaker sex’. Their ability to bear children gave rise to a feminine ideal based on marriage and motherhood, while their ...

The first half of the 19th century was a time of great change. Industrialization brought new opportunities for employment, changing ideas of work, and economic cycles of boom and bust. During this ...

Kelly Marshall Most 19th-century schoolmistresses are long forgotten ... a University of Delaware art historian. At a time when women had almost no control over legal documents and played a ...

Though local suffrage slowly opened to women in many states, suffragists continued their fight for national voting rights through the 19th century. Mocked, jailed, beaten, and force-fed ...

Polish women only began to write cookery books and guides in the 19th century, whereas previously, they had been only readers. These also served as a vehicle for their own views – sometimes ...