Over the past 2 years, a simple but baffling request has preceded most of my encounters with medical professionals: "Rate your pain on a scale of zero to 10." I trained as a physician and have ...

Most older patients can use a 0-10 pain scale, but other patients who are cognitively impaired are more complex to assess and require different types of pain assessment tools and techniques.

Acute and chronic postoperative pain and functional disability persisted among patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion despite multimodal analgesic management.